Iranian Classification Society Rules

CHAPTER 8 FIRE PROTECTION

101. General

1. Fire protection system not specified in this chapter is to be in accordance with the Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships. However, satisfaction of equivalent standard such as the Federal Aviation Regulation, etc. specified in this chapter may be permitted by the Society.

2. The following basic principles are to be complied to apply requirements of this chapter:

(1) maintenance of main functions and the safety systems of the WIG ship including propulsion, control, fire-detection, alarms and extinguishing capability of unaffected spaces, after fire in any one compartment on board

(2) subdivision of the craft by fire-resisting boundaries

(3) restricted use of combustible materials and materials generating smoke and toxic gases in a fire

(4) detection, containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin

(5) protection of means of escape and access for fire fighting

(6) immediate availability of fire-extinguishing appliances

(7) maintenance of structural integrity during fire fighting and evacuation time

3. The provisions of this chapter are based on the following conditions:

(1) The use of fuels with a flashpoint below 43°C is not recommended. However, fuels with a lower flashpoint may be used subject to compliance with the provisions specified in 116. 2 to

116. 6.

(2) Pantries are not to contain cooking facilities with exposed heating surfaces and galleys should not be fitted.

(3) Dangerous goods are not to be carried, except in accordance with requirements developed by IMDG Code.

4. Adequacy of requirements of Appendix 1 specified in 104. and 105. of this chapter is considered to be satisfactory provided that a certificate is issued after passing the test according to the test procedure specified in Appendix 1.

102. Definitions

Terms and definitions used in this Chapter are as follows:

1. "Fire-resisting divisions" are those divisions as formed by bulkheads and decks which comply with the followings:

(1) They should be constructed of non-combustible or fire-restricting materials which by insulation or inherent fire-resisting properties satisfy the provisions of (2) to (4).

(2) They should be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame

up to the end of the appropriate fire protection time.

(3) They should have thermal properties such that the average temperature on the unexposed side will not rise more than 140°C above the original temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180°C above the original temperature during the appropriate fire protection time.

(4) A test of a prototype bulkhead or deck in accordance with the FTP Code should be required to ensure that it meets the provisions of (1) to (3).

2. "Fire-restricting materials" are those materials which have properties complying with the FTP Code.

Fire Test Procedures (FTP) Code means the International Code for Application of Fire Test

Procedures, as defined in chapter II-2 of the Convention.

3. "Non-combustible material" is a material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapours in sufficient quantity for self-ignition when heated to approximately 750°C, this being determined in accordance with the FTP Code. Any other material is a combustible material.

4. "Equivalent material" means any non-combustible material which, by itself or due to insulation pro-

vided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the

posure to the standard fire test (e.g., aluminium alloy with appropriate insulation).

5. "Low flame-spread" means that the surface thus described will adequately restrict flame, this being determined in accordance with the FTP Code.

applicable ex-

the spread of

Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012 33

6. "Smoke-tight or capable of preventing the passage of smoke" means that a division made of non-combustible or fire-restricting materials is capable of preventing the passage of smoke.

7. “Verification time” means the tested time taken for a number of untrained passengers corresponding to the number of seats and crew to escape from the craft after a alarm has been initiated.

8. “Cowling“ is covering for an engine of a WIG ship.

9. “Nacelle" is an enclosed compartment of a WIG ship which contains an engine.

103. Structural fire protection

1. The boundaries of fire hazard areas are to be constructed of approved non-combustible materials or other fire-restricting materials having adequate structural properties provided the provisions of this chapter are complied with and the materials are in compliance with the FTP Code.

2. The ship hull is to be subdivided into fire hazard areas and low fire hazard areas by the fire-re- sistant structures.

(1) "Fire hazard areas" include:

(A) machinery spaces

(B) spaces containing dangerous goods

(D) auxiliary machinery spaces containing driving generators, bilge pumps, oil filling stations and switchboards and similar spaces except where small bilge pumps of special type are installed

in non-hazardous spaces or appendages which are divided from hull and they are demon-

strated to be safe.

(F) passenger accommodations.

(2) "Low fire hazard areas" include:

(A) auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk

(B) cargo spaces

(D) public spaces

(E) tanks, voids and areas of little or no fire risk

(F) bond stores containing packaged beverages with alcohol content no exceeding 24 % by vol- ume

(G) control stations

(H) external stairs and open decks used for escape routes

(I) shoulder stations, internal and external

(J) deck spaces and enclosed promenades forming survival ship embarkation stations

(K) the ship’s side to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, superstructure and deck-houses sides situated below and adjacent to the life-raft embarkation areas.

(3) Structures bounding fire hazard areas are to be constructed to resist the penetration of smoke

and flame for 30 min or a lesser time determined in accordance with Ch 10, 126. 4.

(4) Connecting sections(bulkhead, deck, side shell) of accommodation areas(control stations, crew compartments and passenger compartments) and fire hazard areas other than accommodation areas are to be fire resistant or to be divided by distance which has been demonstrated by tests

that a fire does not spread to accommodation spaces except a WIG ship of a maximum takeoff

weight less than 5,670 kg which is demonstrated by the test that a fire in a fire hazard area does not spread to an accommodation area.

(5) Main load-carrying structures within areas of fire hazard should be arranged to distribute load

such that there will be no collapse of the structure of the ship when it is exposed to fire for the appropriate fire protection time.

(6) A control station for ventilators, for fuel shut down system, remote control of fire-extinction

systems as well as indication panels of fire detection, is to be located in the ship control station.

(7) Where insulation is installed in areas in which it could come into contact with any flammable

fluids or their vapours, its surface is to be impermeable to such flammable fluids or vapours. The exposed surfaces of vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation mate- rials are to have low flame spread characteristics.

(8) Furniture and furnishings in public spaces and crew accommodation are to comply with the fol- lowing provisions:

34 Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012

(A) All case furniture is to be constructed entirely of approved non-combustible materials, except that combustible veneers may be accepted, but is to be made of a material having low flame spread characteristics.

(B) All other furniture is to be constructed with frames of non-combustible materials and to be in accordance with the FTP Code.

ance to the propagation of flame in accordance with the FTP Code.

(D) All deck finish materials comply with the FTP Code.

(9) The following surfaces are to be constructed of materials not capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke or toxic products and having low flame-spread characteristics:

(A) exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures, and of bulkheads, wall and ceiling linings in all accommodation, service spaces, control stations and internal assembly and evacuation stations

(B) surfaces in concealed or inaccessible spaces in corridors and stairway enclosures, accom- modation, service spaces, control stations corridors and stairway enclosures.

(10) Any thermal or acoustic insulation is to be of non-combustible or of fire-restricting material.

Vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, as well as insulation of pipe fittings for cold service systems, need not be non-combustible or fire-restricting, but they are to be kept to the minimum quantity practicable and their exposed surfaces are to have low flame-spread characteristics.

(11) In accommodation and service spaces, control stations, corridors and stairways, air spaces en-

closed behind ceilings, panelling or linings are to be suitably divided by close-fitting draught stops not more than 14 m apart.

(12) Openings in fire-resisting divisions are to comply with the following provisions:

(A) The construction of all doors and hatches in fire-resisting divisions, together with associated door frames, coamings and their means of securing when closed, is to provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which they are situated. Also, where a fire-resisting division is penetrated by pipes, ducts, controls, electrical cables or for other purposes, arrangements and necessary testing is to be made to ensure that the fire-resisting integrity of the division is not impaired.

(B) It is to be possible for each door to be opened and closed from each side of the bulkhead by one person only.

following provisions.

(a) The doors are to be either self-closing in all normal operational conditions or kept closed at all times when not required for access.

(b) Self-closing doors may be fitted with a hold-back system capable of both local release

and remote fail-safe release from the control station. Hold-back hooks not subject to re- lease from the control station are not permitted.

(D) The provisions for integrity of fire-resisting divisions of the outer boundaries facing open spaces of a WIG ship are not to apply to glass partitions and windows. Similarly, the pro-

visions for integrity of fire-resisting divisions facing open spaces are not to apply to exterior

doors.

104. Passenger and crew compartment interiors

Passenger and crew compartment interiors are to be meet the following provisions:

1. The materials should be at least flame resistant.

2. Smoking is to be prohibited and there should be at least one illuminated sign (using either letters or symbols) notifying all passengers that smoking is prohibited. Signs which notify that smoking is prohibited should be legible to each passenger seated in the passenger cabin under all probable lighting conditions when illuminated.

3. In addition to Para 2, for passenger WIG ships the following requirements apply:

(1) Each disposal receptacle for towels, paper, or waste should be fully enclosed and constructed of at least fire resistant materials and should contain fires likely to occur in it under normal use. The ability of the disposal receptacle to contain those fires under all probable conditions of wear, misalignment, and ventilation expected in service should be demonstrated by test.

(2) Lavatories should have “"No Smoking" or “"No Smoking in spicuously on each side of the entry door. The placards should

Lavatory" placards located con- have red letters at least 1.27 cm

Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012 35

high on a white background at least 2.54 cm high on the placard).

(a “No Smoking” symbol may be included

(3) Materials (including finishes or decorative surfaces applied to the materials) used in each com-

partment occupied by the crew or passengers should meet the following provisions.

(A) Interior ceiling panels, interior wall panels, partitions, galley structure, large cabinet walls, structural flooring, and materials used in the construction of stowage compartments (other

than underseat

stowage compartments and compartments for

stowing small items such as

magazines and

maps), which are subject to vertical test in accordance with Appendix 1,

should be self

extinguishing. The average burn length may

not exceed 15.24 cm and the

average flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds. Drippings

from the test specimen may not continue to flame for more than an average of 3 seconds after falling.

(B) Floor covering, textiles (including draperies and upholstery), seat cushions, padding, deco- rative and non-decorative coated fabrics, leather, trays and galley furnishings, electrical con- duit, thermal and acoustical insulation and insulation covering, air ducting, joint and edge

covering, cargo compartment liners, insulation brakes, cargo covers and transparencies, mold-

ed and thermoformed parts,

air ducting joints, and trim strips (decorative and chafing)

should be self extinguishing when tested vertically in accordance with Appendix 1. The

average burn length may not

exceed 20.32 cm and the average flame time after removal of

the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds. Drippings from the test specimen may not continue to flame for more than an average of 5 seconds after falling.

(C) Acrylic windows and signs, parts constructed in whole or in part of elastomeric materials, edge-lighted instrument assemblies consisting of two or more instruments in a common

housing, seat-belts, shoulder harnesses, and cargo and baggage tie-down equipment, including

containers, bins, pallets, etc., used in passenger or crew compartments, may not have an average burn rate greater than 6.35 cm per minute when tested horizontally in accordance with Appendix 1.

(D) Except for electrical wire cable insulation, and for small parts (such as knobs, ers, fasteners, clips, grommets, rub strips, pulleys, and small electrical parts), items not specified in (A), (B) or (C) may not have a burn rate greater than

minute when tested horizontally in accordance with Appendix 1.

handles, roll- materials in

10.16 cm per

4. Pipe lines, tanks, or equipment containing fuel, oil, or other flammable fluids may not be installed in passenger and crew compartment unless adequately shielded, isolated, or otherwise protected so that any breakage or failure of such an item would not create a hazard.

5. Materials located on the cabin side of the firewall should be self-extinguishing or be located at such a distance from the firewall, or otherwise protected by proven methods, so that ignition will not occur if the firewall is subjected to a flame temperature of not less than 1,093℃. For self-ex- tinguishing materials, a vertical self-extinguishing test should be conducted in accordance with Appendix 1 and the average burn length of the material may not exceed 15.24 cm and the aver- age flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds. Drippings from the material test specimen may not continue to flame for more than an average of 3 seconds after falling.

105. Cargo compartment fire protection.

1. Sources of heat within each cargo compartment that are capable of igniting the compartment con- tents should be shielded and insulated.

2. Each cargo compartment should be constructed of materials that meet the appropriate provisions of

104. 3 (3)

3. In addition Para 1 and Para 2, for passenger WIG ships, each cargo compartment should be:

(1) Located where the presence of a fire would be easily discovered by the pilots when seated at their duty station, or it should be equipped with a smoke or fire detector system to give a warning at the pilots' station, and provide sufficient access to enable a pilot to effectively reach any part of the cargo compartment with a portable fire extinguisher, or

(2) Equipped with a smoke or fire detector system to give a warning at the pilots' station and have ceiling and sidewall liners and floor panels constructed of materials that have been subjected to

and meet the 45 degree angle test the material during application of

of Appendix 1. The flame may not penetrate (pass through) the flame or subsequent to its removal. The average flame

36 Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012

time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds, and the average glow tune may not exceed 10 seconds. The compartment should be constructed to provide fire protection that is not less than that required of its individual panels; or.

(3) Constructed and sealed to contain any fire within the compartment.

106. Installation of combustion heater

Combustion heaters are not to be installed on WIG ships except those power generation.

used for propulsion and

107. Flammable fluid fire protection

1. In each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by leakage

of a fluid system, there

should be means to minimize the probability of ignition of the fluids and vapors, and the resultant hazard if ignition does occur.

2. For application of Para 1 the following factors should be considered:

(1) Possible sources and paths of fluid leakage, and means of detecting leakage

(2) Flammability characteristics of fluids, including effects of any combustible or absorbing materials

(3) Possible ignition sources, including electrical faults, overheating of equipment, and malfunction- ing of protective devices

(4) Means available for controlling or extinguishing a fire, such as stopping flow of fluids, shutting down equipment, fireproof containment, or use of extinguishing mediums

(5) Ability of WIG ship components that are critical to safety of flight to withstand fire and heat.

3. If action by the flight crew is required to prevent or counteract a fluid fire (e.g., equipment shut- down or actuation of a fire extinguisher), quick acting means should be provided to alert the crew.

4. Each area where flammable fluids or vapors might escape by leakage of a fluid system should be identified and defined.

108. Designated fire zones

1. Designated fire zones are as follows:

(1) Power section for engines

(2) Accessory section for engines

(3) Any complete power plant compartment in which there is no isolation between the power sec- tion and the accessory section

(4) Compressor and accessory sections for turbine engines

(5) Combustor, turbine and tailpipe sections that contain lines or components carrying flammable fluids or gases

(6) Any complete power-plant compartment in which there is no isolation between compressor, ac-

cessory, combustor, turbine, and tailpipe sections.

2. Any auxiliary power unit compartment

3. Any fuel-burning heater, and other combustion equipment installation

109. Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure

Flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure located in designated fire zones, or in ad- jacent areas that would be subjected to the effects of fire in the designated fire zones, should be constructed of fireproof material or be shielded so that they are capable of withstanding the effects of a fire. Engine vibration isolators should incorporate suitable features to ensure that the engine is retained if the non-fireproof portions of the isolators deteriorate from the effects of a fire.

110. Nacelle areas behind fire-walls

Components, pipe lines, and fittings located behind the engine-compartment firewall should be con- structed of such materials and located at such distances from the firewall that they will not suffer

jdeacmteadgetosuafffilcaimenet tteomepnedratnugre otfhenoWt IlGessshthipanif1,a09p3o℃rti(o2n,00o0f℉th)e

engine side of the firewall is sub- for 15 minutes.

Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012 37

111. Pipe lines, fittings and components

1. Except as provided in Para 2, each component, pipe line, and fitting carrying flammable fluids, gas, or air in any area subject to engine fire conditions should be at least fire resistant, except that flammable fluid tanks and supports which are a part of and attached to the engine should be fire- proof or be enclosed by a fireproof shield unless damage by fire to any non-fireproof part will not cause leakage or spillage of flammable fluid. An integral oil sump of less than 23.7 L(25 quart) ca- pacity on a reciprocating engine need not be fireproof nor be enclosed by a fireproof shield. Components should be shielded or located so as to safeguard against the ignition of leaking flam- mable fluid. Flexible hose assemblies (hose and end fittings) are not to be used unless they have been shown to be suitable for the particular application.

2. Para 1 does not apply to the followings:

(1) Pipe lines, fittings which are already approved as part of a type certificated engine

(2) Vent and drain lines, and their fittings, whose failure will not result in, or add to, a fire hazard.

112. Shutoff means

1. Each multiengine WIG ship is to apply the following provisions:

(1) Each engine installation should have means to shut off or otherwise prevent hazardous quantities of fuel, oil, deicing fluid, and other flammable liquids from flowing into, within, or through any engine compartment, except in pipe lines, fittings, and components forming an integral part of an engine.

(2) The closing of the fuel shutoff valve for any engine may not make any fuel unavailable to the remaining engines that would be available to those engines with that valve open.

(3) Operation of any shutoff means may not interfere with the later emergency operation of other equipment such as propeller feathering devices.

(4) Each shutoff should be outside of the engine compartment unless an equal degree of safety is

provided with the shutoff inside the compartment.

(5) Not more than 0.95 L(1 quart) of flammable fluid may escape into the engine compartment after engine shutoff. For those installations where the flammable fluid that escapes after shutdown cannot be limited to one quart, it should be demonstrated that this greater amount can be safely contained or drained overboard.

(6) There should be means to guard against inadvertent operations of each shutoff means, and to make it possible for the crew to reopen the shutoff means in flight after it has been closed:

2. Turbine engine installations need not have an engine oil system shutoff in case of the followings.

(1) The oil tank is integral with, or mounted on, the engine

(2) All oil system components external to the engine are fireproof.

3. Power operated valves should have means to indicate to the crew when the valve has reached the selected position and should be designed so that the valve will not move from the selected position under vibration conditions likely to exist at the valve location.

113. Cowling and nacelle

1. Each cowling should be constructed and supported so that it can resist any vibration, inertia, and air loads to which it may be subjected in operation.

2. There should be means for rapid and complete drainage of each part of the cowling in the normal voyage and flight attitudes. No drain may discharge where it will cause a fire hazard.

3. Cowling and nacelle are to be at least fire resistant. the whole cowling and nacelle do not need to be fire resistant where it has been demonstrated by tests complying with 103. 2 (4) that a fire does not spread to other compartment such as passenger compartments.

4. Each part behind an opening in the engine compartment cowling should be at least fire resistant for a distance of at least 61 cm(24 inches) aft of the opening.

5. Each part of the cowling subjected to high temperatures due to its nearness to exhaust system ports or exhaust gas impingement, should be fireproof.

6. Each nacelle of a multiengine with supercharged engines should be designed and constructed so

38 Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012

that with the landing gear retracted, a fire in the engine compartment will not burn through a cowling or nacelle and enter a nacelle area other than the engine compartment.

114. Structural fire protection of interior surfaces of wall surrounding machinery space Despite of this chapter, where a machinery space is in the ship, structural fire protection of interior

surfaces of walls(including ceilings and floors) surrounding machinery space is to be A-60 class in- sulation or equivalent.

115. Ventilation

1. Where the methods of fire extinction used in ventilated spaces require the isolation of those spaces to be effective, the main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems are to be capable of being au- tomatically closed from inside and outside of the spaces being ventilated. In such cases, the main inlets and outlets of ventilation systems for fire hazard areas should be capable of being closed from the control station. However, if ventilation system of the space is natural ventilation type and can be closed outside of the space, the requirement of closing capability at control station may not apply.

2. All ventilation fans are to be capable of being stopped from the control station. The operating pro-

cedures for the WIG ship should ensure that this unless an emergency shut-off control is provided craft.

3. Ventilation ducts for areas of fire hazard are not

control is always activated before any evacuation in a position readily accessible from outside the

to pass through other spaces, and ducts for ven-

tilation of other spaces are not to pass through areas of major fire hazard. However, for WIG ship of a maximum takeoff weight less than 5,670kg, where heat exchangers are fitted on exhaust gas

pipes of a main engine for radiators in passenger compartments and crew compartments or air con- ditioners using a main engine in similar methods are installed, this provision may not apply pro-

vided that ducts passing through other compartments are able to be closed and insulated.

4. All dampers fitted on fire-resisting or smoke-tight divisions should also be capable of being man- ually closed from each accessible side of the division in which they are fitted, and remotely closed from the operating compartment.

5. Where, of necessity, a ventilation duct passes through a fire-resisting or smoke-tight division, a fail- safe automatic closing fire damper is to be fitted adjacent to the division. The duct between the division and the damper should be insulated to the same standard as required for the fire-resist- ing division.

116. Fuel system

1. Tanks containing fuel and other flammable fluids should be separated from passenger, crew and baggage compartments by vapour-proof enclosures or cofferdams which are suitably ventilated and drained except a WIG ship of a maximum takeoff weight less than 5,670 kg.

2. Fuel oil tanks are not be located in or contiguous to areas of major fire hazard. However, flam-

mable fluids of a flash point of not less than 60°C may be located within such areas, provided tanks are made of steel or other equivalent material.

3. Every fuel oil pipe which, if damaged, would allow oil to escape from a storage tank is to be ted with a cock or valve directly on the tank capable of being closed from a position outside

the

fit- the

space concerned in the event of a fire occurring in the space in which such tanks are situated.

Closing devices includes non-electromagnetic and non-electrical anti-siphon valves or devices which are able to close leakage of fuel oil.

4. Pipes, valves and couplings conveying flammable fluids are to be of steel or such alternative mate- rial satisfactory to Pt 5, Ch 6, 102. of the Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships in respect of strength and fire integrity, having regard to the service pressure and the spaces in which they are installed. Wherever practicable, the use of flexible pipes should be avoided except a flexible pipe which is a parts of approved machinery installation or approved auxiliary machinery.

5. Pipes, valves and couplings conveying flammable fluids should be arranged as far from hot surfaces or air intakes of engine installations, electrical appliances and other potential sources of ignition as

Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012 39

is practicable and be shielded.

6. In every WIG ship in which fuel with a flash point below 43°C is used, the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilization of the fuel are to be such that, having regard to the hazard of fire and explosion which the use of such fuel may entail, the safety of the WIG ship and of per- sons on board is preserved. The arrangements should comply, in addition to the provisions of Para

1 to Para 5, with the following provisions:

(1) Any part of the fuel system is to be located outside the main body of the WIG ship or ar- ranged in such a way that fuel vapour cannot accumulate in enclosed spaces.

(2) Arrangements should be made to prevent overpressure in any fuel tank or in any part of the oil fuel system, including the filling pipes.

(3) Earthed electrical distribution systems should not be used, with the exception of earthed intrinsically safe circuits.

(4) Only electrical equipment and fittings essential for operational purposes be fitted in all spaces

where fuel leakage could occur

(5) A fixed vapour-detection system should be installed in each space through which fuel lines pass, with alarms provided at the operating compartment. However, spaces which oil vapour is dis- charged immediately from and then fixed vapour-detection system need not to be installed in,

such as spaces in which air-cooled engines or air cooled auxiliary machinery, may not applied.

(6) Any fuel gauge installation should be of intrinsic safe type.

(7) During bunkering operations, no passenger should be on board the craft or in the vicinity of the bunkering station, and adequate 'No Smoking’ and 'Caution: Inflammable’ signs should be posted. Vessel-to-shore fuel connections are to be of a type that minimizes the chance of igni- tion of any vapour generated during refueling and are to be suitably grounded during bunkering operations.

117. Hydraulic system

The hydraulic liquid used should be of non-combustible type.

118. Exhaust system

The exhaust system is to be insulated and all compartments and structures which are contiguous with the exhaust system, or those which may be affected by increased temperatures caused by ex- haust gases in normal operation or in an emergency, should be constructed of non-combustible ma-

terial or be temperatures.

shielded and insulated with non-combustible material to protect them from high

40 Guidance for WIG ships(Wing-In-Ground Effect Ships) 2012

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